Digg Social Bookmarking

Digg is a social news website. Formerly, the site's cornerstone function consisted of letting people vote stories up or down, called digging and burying, respectively, but as of Digg v4, the "bury" function has been removed. Digg's popularity has prompted the creation of other social networking sites with story submission and voting systems.[7]

The website traffic ranked 117th by Alexa.com as of October 20, 2010.[6] Quantcast estimates Digg's monthly U.S. unique visits at 15.1 million.[8]

Type Private

Founded San Francisco, California, United States[1]

Founder Kevin Rose[2]

Headquarters San Francisco, California, United States

Area served Worldwide

Key people Matt Williams[3] (CEO)

Kevin Rose (Founder) (ex-CEO)

Jay Adelson (ex-CEO)

John Moffett (CFO)

Owen Byrne (Co-Founder)

Ron Gorodetzky (Co-Founder)

Revenue US$8.5 million (2008 est.)[4]

Employees 77[2]

Website digg.com [5]

Alexa rank 113[6]

Type of site Social news

Advertising Banner ads, referral marketing

Registration Optional

Available in Multilingual

Launched December 5, 2004

Current status Active

History and description

Digg, Version 1.6

Digg started out as an experiment in November 2004 by Kevin Rose, Owen Byrne, Ron Gorodetzky, and Jay Adelson. Only Rose and Gorodetzky still play an active role in the management of the site. The original design was free of advertisements, and was designed by Dan Ries. As Digg became more popular, Google AdSense was added to the website. In July 2005, the site was updated to Version 2.0. The new version featured a friends list, the ability to "digg" a story without being redirected to a success page, and a new interface designed by web design company silverorange.[9] The site developers have stated that in future versions a more minimalist design will likely be employed. On

Monday June 26, 2006 version 3 of Digg was released with specific categories for Technology, Science, World & Business, Videos, Entertainment and Gaming as well as a

View All section where all categories are merged. Digg has grown large enough that submissions sometimes create a sudden increase of traffic to the "dugg" website. This is referred to by some Digg users as the "Digg effect" and by some others as the site being "dugg to death." However, in many cases stories are linked simultaneously on several popular bookmarking sites. In such cases, the impact of the "digg effect" is difficult to isolate and assess. On August 27, 2007, Digg altered its main interface, mostly in the profile area. The domain "digg.com" attracted at least 236 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey.[10]

Digg CEO Jay Adelson explained at the 2010 "Bigg Digg Shindigg," which is part of the South by Southwest Interactive Conference, that Digg is getting a major overhaul and redesign.[11] In an interview with Wired magazine, Adelson explained that "Every single thing has changed" and that "the entire website has been rewritten."[12]

Adelson explains that the new Digg will essentially eliminate the duplication problem. It will also help prevent so called 'power users' from dominating the site with their submissions. The new Digg will also offer users a personalized homepage, based on their diggs, that is tailored to their specific interests. The commenting system will be updated to "help fight bad behavior like trolling or group-burying." The entire look of the site will also change.

Adelson summed up the new Digg by saying, “We’ve got a new backend, a new infrastructure layer, a new services layer, new machines — everything." John Quinn wrote in a Digg blog post that the company was going to stop using MySQL and begin using Cassandra, a distributed database system.[13]

On April 5, 2010, Kevin Rose announced that he would be assuming the position of CEO as Jay Adelson had stepped down.[14] Although, some time later he has disclosed that he is actively seeking a replacement CEO as the role takes up too much of his time that he would rather spend doing other things, such as angel investing.

On August 25, 2010, Digg released v4. The site experienced a number of bugs and glitches that has resulted in a backlash from Digg users in the form of verbal opposition and, initially, heavy posting of articles from Reddit – a competitor of Digg's. Digg's business development director Matt Van Horn left Digg after the official update of version 4.[15]

On September 1, 2010, Matt Williams took over as CEO, ending Rose's troubled tenure as interim chief executive.

Potential sale

Several reports have come forward claiming Digg has been trying to sell itself to a larger company since early 2006.[16] While Adelson claims that Digg will meet with any potential buyers, he denies that they will actively begin talks for a sale. The most recent sale talks were with Google in July 2008 for approximately $200 million. On July

25, during the due diligence part of the potential sale, Google informed Digg that they were not interested in the purchase.[17] As a result of Google's decision, Digg entered into a third round of funding, receiving $28.7 million from investors such as Highland Capital Partners. With this funding, the company plans to move from their current

offices to accommodate a bigger staff base.[18] On December 2, 2008, BusinessWeek reported "Digg Chief Executive Officer Jay Adelson says the popular news aggregation Web site is no longer for sale, and the focus of the company is to build an independent business that reaches profitability as quickly as possible. That means the four-year-old

startup will dial back some of its expansion plans, instead prioritizing projects that generate revenue and profit."[19]

On December 18, 2008, BusinessWeek analyzed Digg's financial statements. They reported that Digg lost $4 million on $6.4 million of revenue in the first three quarters of 2008.[4]

Features

Facebook Connect

In May 2009, Digg launched a new feature integrating Facebook Connect with Digg.[20] The Digg integration with Facebook connect allows users of Digg and Facebook to connect their accounts. When a Facebook account is connected to a Digg account, Digg articles can then be shared on the user's Facebook page.[21] Facebook Connect also allows Facebook users to log into Digg with their Facebook account, thus bypassing the normally required Digg registration.

Digg Dialogg

Digg Dialogg allows Digg users to submit questions to a preselected famous individual who agrees to do an interview with a reporter chosen by Digg.[22]

Digg Bar

On April 2, 2009, Digg released the Digg Bar, which provides a toolbar above the top of a site allowing the user to produce shortened urls, or access digg comments and analytics without leaving the page.[23] On April 5, 2010, Kevin Rose announced on the official Digg blog that the controversial DiggBar would be eliminated with the implementation of the 4th version of the website.[24] This was Rose's first major announcement since succeeding Jay Adelson as CEO.

Digg API

On April 19, 2007, Digg opened their API[25] (Application Programing Interface) to the public.[26] This allowed software developers to write tools and applications based on queries of Digg's public data, dating back to 2004. Since then, many blogs[27] [28] have sought to keep up with all of the ongoing Digg API projects.

Criticism Digg v4

On August 25, 2010, when Digg updated to version 4, the site was unreachable or unstable during the launch day and the weeks following. A large number of the site's members have complained about the new design and removed features (such as bury, favorites, friends submissions, upcoming pages, subcategories, and history search).[29] Kevin Rose replied to complaints on his blog where he promised to restore upcoming pages and fix the algorithm.[30]

In an open letter to Rose, Alexis Ohanian, founder of rival site Reddit, said : this new version of digg reeks of VC meddling. It's cobbling together features from more popular sites and departing from the core of digg, which was to "give the power back to the people."[31] Ian Eure, former Digg engineer, explained on his blog why the update cannot be reverted, but the old features can still be ported to the new architecture.[32]

Disgruntled Digg users declared August 30, 2010 as the 'quit Digg day' and began digging up stories submitted by Reddit's auto submitting publisher account filling up the front page.[33] [34] [35] Reddit also temporarily added the Digg shovel to their logo to welcome fleeing Digg users.[36] Digg's traffic dropped significantly after the launch of version 4,[37] and publishers reported a drop in direct referrals from stories on Digg's front page.[38] Recently hired CEO Matt Williams attempted to address some of the users' concerns in a blog post on October 12, 2010, promising to reinstate many of the features that had been removed.[39]

Moderation and algorithms

The purpose of Digg was to give editorial powers back to the masses. However, the second version of Digg began using a secret algorithm that blurs the transparency that was expected by the users. In 2006, the site began to be gamed by their top users.[40] Supernova17 was banned after agreeing to promote a story for cash to an undercover Digg sting operation.[41] Another group of users openly formed a niche 'bury brigade' .[42] The users defended themselves claiming their actions were in accordance with the wishes of Digg users. Digg tried to offset criticism by hiring computer scientist Anton Kast to develop a diversity algorithm to prevent special interest groups from dominating Digg. A townhall was organized and the users demanded the shouts feature be discontinued.[43] By 2008, Google increased their page rank for Digg and many 'pay for Diggs' startups were created to profit from the opportunity. According to a popular blog a single front page story was sold for $500 at that time.[44] Usocial and Diggfront were given cease and desist notices from Digg which they ignored.

Mob mentality

Unlike the present Digg algorithm, which works on user diversity, in 2006 it was much more dependent on flocking behavior among users to determine the promotion of content. During this period an anonymous user posted a blog accusing an O'Reilly writer of stealing Digg's CSS.[45] The Digg mob flocked to the story and it was promoted with nearly 3000 votes. Digg founders Kevin Rose, Jay Adelson and Daniel Burka expressed dissatisfaction on finding Digg's code on Mallett's sites.[46] Mallett responded and clarified that the theft of code was committed by the contributors to the open source Digg clone, Pligg, which he was using.[47] Kevin acknowledged the misunderstanding and notified Pligg developers of the issue.[48] Adelson contacted Mallett thanking him for clearing the issue and expressed support for his claims. Another O'Reilly blogger in defense of Mallett posted a criticism of Digg's mob mentality.[49] Digg mob's failure to the Mallett story has also been attributed to 'groupthink' which is different from the wisdom of the crowds which requires independence among the nodes.[50]

AACS encryption key controversy

On May 1, 2007, an article appeared on Digg's homepage that contained the encryption key for the AACS digital rights management protection of HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Then Digg, "acting on the advice of its lawyers," removed posting submissions about the secret number from its database and banned several users for submitting it.

The removals were seen by many Digg users as a capitulation to corporate interests and an assault on free speech.[51]

A statement by Jay Adelson attributed the article's take-down to an attempt to comply with cease and desist letters from the Advanced Access Content System consortium and cited Digg’s Terms of Use as justification for taking down the article.[52] Although some users defended Digg's actions,[53] [54] [55] as a whole the community staged a widespread revolt with numerous articles and comments being made using the encryption key.[56] [57] The scope of the user response was so great that one of the Digg users referred to it as a "digital Boston Tea Party".[58] The response was also directly responsible for Digg reversing the policy and stating: "But now, after seeing hundreds of stories and reading thousands of comments, you've made it clear. You'd rather see Digg go down fighting than bow

down to a bigger company. We hear you, and effective immediately we won't delete stories or comments containing the code and will deal with whatever the consequences might be."[59]

Organized ideologically-motivated censorship

On August 5, 2010, progressive blogger Ole Ole Olson (aka "Novenator") posted a report to AlterNet about a year-long effort of organized burying of seemingly-liberal articles from the Upcoming module of Digg by a conservative Yahoo! Groups mailing list known as DiggPatriots and an associated page on coRank; he also accused leading members of the mailing list of participating in behavior which violated the Digg Terms of Usage, such as creating "sleeper" accounts in the event of administrators banning their main accounts for terms-violating behavior as well as vexatious "reporting" of seemingly-liberal users for banning.[60] [61] The post was immediately followed by the disbanding and closure of the DiggPatriots list, and an investigation into the matter by Digg.[62]

Timeline

October 2004 Development on digg.com begins[63]

December 1, 2004 Kevin Rose creates the first profile

December 3, 2004 The first story is submitted to Digg[64]

December 5, 2004 Digg is open to public

December 13, 2004 Kevin Rose shows off Digg on The Screen Savers[65]

January 2, 2005 Comment section introduced for stories

February 28, 2005 Digg 1.6: duplicate story detection

March 19, 2005 Profile page now includes comment histories and sort by category

May 9, 2005 Digg spy is released

May 27, 2005 Digg 2.0 is released. Friends feature ajax buttons for Digg/bury, and a non-linear promotion algorithm are implemented.

July 2, 2005 Diggnation podcast begins with Alex and Kevin[66]

October 2005 Raises $2.8 million in venture capital

December 2005 Digg Spy 2.0 released

December 2005 KoolAidGuy saga results in anti-spam tools being introduced[67]

January 17, 2006 Top user Albertpacino resigns after accusations of him being on Digg payroll[68]

January 18, 2006 Digg Clouds is introduced, Search is improved

January 25, 2006 Acquisition rumors begins

February 2, 2006 Report stories as 'inaccurate' and Profanity filters are introduced

February 15, 2006 Digg widget for blogs and share by email is released

March 1, 2006 New Digg Comment System Released, threaded and Diggable comments.

April 20, 2006 Digg Army Saga: after an exposé by forevergeek.com Kevin bans dozens of top users.[69]

June 26, 2006 Digg v3 rolled out, site redesign, shouts, new categories: politics and sports.

July 24, 2006 Digg Labs Launches

August 15, 2006 Thumbnails added

August 27, 2006 Digg begins enforcing trademark rights

September 6, 2006

User rebellion against Friends System and vote rigging results in promises about the diversity algorithms and other tools that were never implemented. Top user p9 resigns.

September 8, 2006 diggriver.com is launched for mobile devices September 12, 2006

#1 Story feature added later renamed as favorites December 18, 2006

New features: Podcast, Videos, Top 10 sidebar, wide-screen support and friends page

February 2, 2007 Top Diggers list removed after user complaints[70]

February 2, 2007 Big Spy Launched

February 26, 2007 The new US Elections 2008 section creates lots of buzz

March 1, 2007 Blog post leads to concern about 'bury brigades'. Digg investigates and find no evidence for these allegations

April 19, 2007 Digg API is made public, Contest launched for best app using the API

May 1, 2007 HD-DVD saga regarding the censorship of the leaked encryption key, Kevin sides with the users and ends the censorship

June 4, 2007 Facebook app is launched

June 21, 2007 New Comment System - Joe Stump edition. Instant backlash from community after slow loading.

July 10, 2007 iphone App beta launched

July 25, 2007 Ad partnership with Microsoft

August 27, 2007 Customizable homepage options. Images and videos now back to homepage.

September 19,2007 New Digg profiles, story suggestion, email alerts

November 20, 2007 Digg the Candidates: Presidential candidates get their Digg accounts

February 1, 2008 Digg Town Halls

May 15, 2008 New comments system is released

June 30, 2008 Recommendation engine is released

July 23, 2008 facebook minifeeds of digg stories

July 31, 2008 m.digg.com - Mobile site is released

August 6, 2008 Firefox Extension released

August 25, 2008 Digg Dialogg

September 8, 2008 Digg warns users against script for auto digging friend’s stories.

September 24, 2008 $28.7 million capital raised with Highland Capital Partners.

October 3, 2008 Many power users banned after they fail to follow guidelines against script digging.[71]

October 9, 2008 Digg Spy and podcasts discontinued

December 18, 2008 Related stories and "People who Dugg this also Dugg" boxes added to individual stories

April 2, 2009 DiggBar and short url launched

April 9, 2009 New Search

May 6, 2009 Facebook Connect

May 26, 2009 Shouts feature is removed

August 6, 2009 Diggable ads implemented

October 16, 2009 Partners with WeFollow for categorizing user in the upcoming version 4 release

November 4, 2009 Digg Trends launched

January 17, 2010 Chrome extension launched

March 23, 2010 iPhone app is launched

April 1, 2010 Android app is launched

April 5, 2010 Jay Adelson Steps Down as CEO, Kevin Rose becomes interim CEO

July 2, 2010 Digg version 4 alpha testing begins

August 3, 2010 Digg takes down new user registration in preparation for Digg 4.0[72]

August 25, 2010 Digg v4 is released: My News and Publisher Streams launched

September 1, 2010 Matt Williams replaces Kevin Rose as CEO

October 27, 2010 Digg lays off 37% of its staffs along with refocusing the service[73]

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[66] "Digg Podcast #001 Released" (http:/ / revision3. com/ diggnation/ 2005-07-01). Diggnation. Revision3. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[67] Richard MacManus (2005-12-27). "Gaming Digg: the KoolAidGuy saga" (http:/ / www. zdnet. com/ blog/ web2explorer/

gaming-digg-the-koolaidguy-saga/ 90). Web 2.0 Explorer. ZDNet. . Retrieved 2010-08-02.

[68] "Dan Huard is digg user AlbertPacino" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080120235857/ http:/ / digg. com/ tech_news/

Dan_Huard_is_digg_user_AlbertPacino). wehatetech. Archived from the original (http:/ / digg. com/ tech_news/

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[69] Macgyver (2006-04-19). "Digg Army: Right in Line" (http:/ / www. forevergeek. com/ 2006/ 04/ digg_army_right_in_line/ ). Forever Geek.

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[72] [ |Alex, Willhelm (http:/ / thenextweb. com/ members/ alexwillhelm/ profile/ )] (2010-08-03). "The New Digg Cometh?" (http:/ /

thenextweb. com/ apps/ 2010/ 08/ 03/ the-new-digg-cometh/ ). . Retrieved 2010-08-06.

[73] Michael Arrington Oct 25, 2010 (2010-10-25). "Digg To Layoff 37% Of Staff, Product Refocus Imminent" (http:/ / techcrunch. com/ 2010/

10/ 25/ digg-to-lay-off-37-percentof-staff/ ). Techcrunch.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-07.

External links

• Official site (http:/ / digg. com/ )

• Inc. Magazine profile of Kevin Rose (http:/ / www. inc. com/ magazine/ 20081101/ keeevviin. html/ )